Nobody sits a 17-year-old down and explains the Employment Standards Act. You find out what your rights are the hard way, usually about six months after you needed to know.
This is the short version for Ontario, written for a first job. Most of it applies in some form across Canada, but the specific numbers here are Ontario’s.
You get paid for training
If your employer requires it, it is work. Orientation, food safety modules, the two hours you spent watching videos before your first shift, the “trial shift” where you shadowed someone on the floor — all of it is paid time at your regular rate.
An unpaid trial shift is one of the most common things done to young workers in food service and retail, and it is not legal in Ontario. If a manager asks you to “come in and see how you like it” for free, you can say yes and still be owed the money.
Breaks: one 30-minute eating period per five hours
You are entitled to a 30-minute eating period no later than five consecutive hours into your shift. It can be split into two 15-minute periods if you and your employer agree.
Two things surprise people:
- It does not have to be paid. Unpaid meal breaks are legal, as long as you are genuinely free of duties. If you eat at the till and get up for customers, you are working and must be paid.
- Coffee breaks are not a legal right in Ontario. Many workplaces give them. None are required to.
You are also entitled to at least 11 consecutive hours off between shifts. That rules out the classic “close at midnight, open at 8” scheduling — a shift pattern often called a clopen — unless there is a written agreement in specific circumstances.
The three-hour rule
If you are scheduled for a shift of three hours or more, show up, and get sent home after 20 minutes because it is slow, you must be paid for three hours — either your regular rate for three hours, or your actual time worked at your regular rate plus the rest at minimum wage, whichever is more.
This exists specifically to stop employers from using young workers as free on-call insurance. It is one of the most frequently ignored rules in retail and food service, and one of the easiest to prove: you have the schedule and you have your punch-out time.
Tips belong to staff
Your employer cannot count your tips toward your minimum wage. In Ontario, the separate lower “liquor server” minimum wage was eliminated — you are owed the full general rate ($17.95 as of October 1, 2026) before a single tip.
Employers may run a tip pool shared among employees. Owners, directors and managers generally cannot take a share of that pool, with narrow exceptions where they do substantially the same work as the staff. A manager who takes 10% off the top of the nightly tip-out because “that’s how we do it here” is very likely breaking the law.
Your employer also cannot deduct from your pay for a customer walking out on a bill, a till coming up short, a broken glass or a damaged item. Deductions are only permitted where required by law, ordered by a court, or authorized by you in writing for a specific amount.
Overtime, public holidays and vacation pay
- Overtime kicks in after 44 hours in a week in Ontario, at 1.5× your regular rate. Being called “part-time” does not exempt you.
- Public holiday pay applies to most employees from day one — there is no minimum service period. If you work the holiday, you get either premium pay plus your holiday pay, or a substitute day off with pay.
- Vacation pay is 4% of your gross earnings, accruing from your first paycheque, whether or not you ever take a day off. Many part-time students never realize they are owed this.
Hours and age
In Ontario you can generally work at 14 in most workplaces, with restrictions. There are minimum ages for specific settings — 15 for factories and most industrial work, 16 for construction sites and logging. There are also rules limiting how late you can work on a school night. If your workplace is pushing you toward hours that conflict with school, that is worth checking rather than absorbing.
If you are fired
For most jobs, you are entitled to notice or pay in lieu once you have been continuously employed for three months — one week for under a year, increasing with service.
Your employer cannot fire you or cut your hours as punishment for asking about your rights, refusing unsafe work, or filing a complaint. That is called a reprisal and it is prohibited. Practically, this is the rule that matters most, because fear of retaliation is why most young workers say nothing.
What to do when something is wrong
- Write things down as they happen. A phone note with dates, shift times and what was said is enough. Screenshot your schedule. Keep every pay stub.
- Ask in writing first. A short, neutral text — “Hi, I was scheduled 5–10 on Saturday but sent home at 5:30. Can you confirm how that shift will be paid?” — often fixes it, and creates a record if it does not.
- File a claim. Ontario’s Ministry of Labour takes employment standards claims online. It is free, you do not need a lawyer, and there is a two-year window from when the money became owing.
You do not need to still work somewhere to claim money it owes you.
Not in Ontario? The Canadian Minimum Wage Tracker has the current rate and next scheduled increase for every province and territory.
Know the floor before you agree to the job
Reading the rules before you start is worth more than arguing about them after. Most employers follow them; the ones who do not tend to count on you not knowing.
Browse jobs on Youth Workforce — a board built for candidates with five years of experience or less, where every posting comes from an employer who knows they are hiring early-career workers.
This is general information about Ontario employment standards, not legal advice. Rules differ in other provinces and for federally regulated workplaces.